The God particle is the nickname of a subatomic particle called the Higgs boson. In layman’s terms, different subatomic particles are responsible for giving matter different properties. One of the most mysterious and important properties is mass. Some particles, like protons and neutrons, have mass. Others, like photons, do not. It is believed to be the particle which gives mass to matter. The nickname grew out of the long, drawn-out struggles of physicists to find this elusive piece of the cosmic puzzle.

The standard model of particle physics is a system that attempts to describe the forces, components, and reactions of the basic particles that make up matter. It not only deals with atoms and their components, but the pieces that compose some subatomic particles. This model does have some major gaps, including gravity, and some experimental contradictions. The standard model is still a very good method of understanding particle physics, and it continues to improve. The model predicts that there are certain elementary particles even smaller than protons and neutrons. As of the date of this writing, the only particle predicted by the model which has not been experimentally verified is the Higgs boson.
Each of the subatomic particles contributes to the forces that cause all matter interactions. One of the most important, but least understood, aspects of matter is mass. Science is not entirely sure why some particles seem mass-less, like photons, and others are massive. The standard model predicts that there is an elementary particle, the Higgs boson, which would produce the effect of mass.

The nickname actually arose when the book The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? by Leon Lederman was published. Since then, it’s taken on a life of its own, in part because of the monumental questions about matter. The man who first proposed the Higgs boson’s existence, Peter Higgs.
The Higgs boson has been labeled in the mainstream media because of the fundamental questions it could answer about matter and the creation of the universe, and although most physicists avoid using the term, they do agree that it plays a key role in what is known as the Standard Model of particle physics, which describes the particles from which everything in the universe is made and how they interact.
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