Human Nervous System-
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Intended for everyone interested in human nervous system, particularly undergraduate and graduate life science students, medical students, nursing students, physician assistants students, and physical therapy students.
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Table of Contents
I. Cells of the Nervous System
Neuron: Axon | Dendrite | Apical dendrite | Dendritic spine | Synapse | Neuromuscular junction | Afferent nerve | Efferent nerve | Sensory nerve | Motor nerve
Types of neurons: Pyramidal cell | Betz cell | Purkinje cell | Muscle spindle | Golgi organ | Motor neuron | Sensory neuron
Glial cell: Astrocyte | Oligodendrocyte | Schwann cell | Myelin
II. Regional Anatomy
Anatomical terms: Position | Direction | Motion
Nervous System Organization: Brain | Spinal cord | Central nervous system | Peripheral nervous system | Somatic nervous system | Autonomic nervous system | Sympathetic nervous system | Parasympathetic nervous system
Brain Stem external anatomy: Medulla oblongata | Pons | Midbrain
Brain Stem nuclei: Olivary body | Cochlear nuclei | Superior olivary nuclei | Inferior colliculi | Medial geniculate nuclei | Superior colliculus | Red nucleus | Substantia nigra | Reticular formation | Raphe nuclei | Locus ceruleus | Pedunculopontine nucleus | Midbrain nuclei
Cranial nerves: I olfactory | II optic | III oculomotor | IV trochlear | V trigeminal | V1 ophthalmic | V2 maxillary | V3 mandibular | VI abducens | VII facial | VIII vestibulocochlear (cochlear, vestibular) | IX glossopharyngeal | X vagus | XI accessory | XII hypoglossal
Cerebellum: Development and evolution | Anatomy | Blood supply | Dysfunction | Theories about cerebellar function | Purkinje cell
Diencephalon : Thalamus : Medial geniculate nuclei | Lateral geniculate nucleus | Thalamocortical loop | Hypothalamus | Epithalamus : Pineal gland | Habenula | Subthalamus | Pituitary gland : Anterior pituitary | Posterior pituitary | Other : Third ventricle | Interventricular foramina | Optic chiasm | Subfornical organ
Ventricular system: Lateral ventricles | Interventricular foramina | Third ventricle | Cerebral aqueduct | Fourth ventricle | Central canal | Choroid plexus | Cerebrospinal fluid
Corpus striatum: Basal ganglia | Striatum | Putamen | Caudate nucleus | Nucleus accumbens | Globus pallidus | Subthalamic nucleus | Substantia nigra
Telencephalon: Brain | Gyri and sulci | Brodmann area | Cerebral cortex | Cerebral hemisphere | Lateralization of brain function | Frontal lobe | Occipital lobe | Parietal lobe | Temporal lobe | Corpus callosum | Fornix | Limbic System
III. Major Systems
Visual system: Eye | Rods | Cones | Rods vs. Cones | Optic nerve | Optic chiasm | Optic tract | Lateral geniculate nucleus | Optic radiation | Visual cortex
Auditory system : Outer ear : Pinna | Ear canal | Middle ear : Eardrum | Ossicles | Stapedius | Tensor tympani | Eustachian tube | Inner ear : Cochlea | Oval window | Helicotrema | Round window | Basilar membrane | Reissner's membrane | Organ of Corti | Hair cells | Stereocilia | Neural audition circuit : Cochlear nerve (VIII) | Cochlear nuclei | Superior olivary nuclei | Inferior colliculi | Medial geniculate nuclei | Primary auditory cortex
Olfactory system: Olfactory bulb | Olfactory nerve | Olfactory epithelium | Glomeruli | Olfactory mucosa | Olfactory receptor neurons | Mitral cells | Piriform cortex
Limbic System: Amygdala | Cingulate gyrus | Fornicate gyrus | Hippocampus | Hypothalamus | Mammillary body | Nucleus accumbens | Orbitofrontal cortex | Parahippocampal gyrus
Gustatory system: Tongue | Taste bud | Basic tastes | Primary gustatory area
Somatosensory system: Nociception | Thermoreception | Vestibular system |
Mechanoreception : Pacinian corpuscle | Meissner's corpuscles | Merkel's discs | Ruffini endings | Free nerve endings | Hair follicle receptors | Proprioception : Golgi organ | Muscle spindle
Motor System: Primary motor cortex | Motor neuron | Upper motor neuron | Lower motor neuron | Motor unit | Motor unit recruitment
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